I am sure that many of you are aware of, and perhaps also watching, Andrew Davies's new miniseries of War & Peace. In the following-link blog post, I make the argument that Davies is actually getting to the heart of W&P when he depicts incest between Helene and Anatole, and I also claim that this incest theme is derived, in no small part, from the incest theme that overshadows all of Austen's Mansfield Park:
http://tinyurl.com/hsw2zb9
In that post, I included the following discussion of the incestuous overtones of the brother sister relations in the Rostov family:
"But
it would not surprise the worldly socialite, who makes the following sage
comments while watching mousy Sonia blush in jealousy of cousin Nicholas early
in the novel:
"How plainly all these young
people wear their hearts on their sleeves!" said Anna Mikhaylovna,
pointing to Nicholas as he went out. "Cousinage—dangereux voisinage;"
she added. [Cousinhood is a dangerous neighborhood.]
"Yes," said the countess
when the brightness these young people had brought into the room had vanished;
and as if answering a question no one had put but which was always in her mind,
"and how much suffering, how much anxiety one has had to go through that
we might rejoice in them now! And yet really the anxiety is greater now than
the joy. One is always, always anxious! Especially just at this age, so
dangerous both for girls and boys."
"It all depends on the bringing
up," remarked the visitor.
"Yes, you're quite right,"
continued the countess. "Till now I have always, thank God, been my
children's friend and had their full confidence," said she, repeating the
mistake of so many parents who imagine that their children have no secrets from
them. "I know I shall always be my daughters' first confidante, and that
if Nicholas, with his impulsive nature, does get into mischief (a boy can't
help it), he will all the same never be like those Petersburg young men."
Mrs.
Norris and Sir Thomas, anyone? Still think I am imagining it all? ;) END QUOTE FROM MY BLOG POST
By that last smiley, I was suggesting that Tolstoy was unmistakably alluding to the scene early in Mansfield Park
in which Sir Thomas Bertram discuss with the odious Mrs. Norris the
danger of Sir Thomas's son Edmund one day falling in love with his mousy niece
Fanny Price:
"....He thought of his own
four children, of his two sons, of cousins in love, etc.;—but no
sooner had he deliberately begun to state his objections, than Mrs. Norris
interrupted him with a reply to them all, whether stated or not. "My dear Sir Thomas, I perfectly comprehend you, and do justice to the
generosity and delicacy of your notions, which indeed are quite of a piece
with your general conduct; and I entirely agree with you in the main as to
the propriety of doing everything one could by way of providing for a
child one had in a manner taken into one's own hands; and I am sure I
should be the last person in the world to withhold my mite upon such an
occasion. Having no children of my own, who should I look to in any little
matter I may ever have to bestow, but the children of my sisters?—and
I am sure Mr. Norris is too just—but you know I am a woman of few
words and professions. Do not let us be frightened from a good deed by a
trifle. Give a girl an education, and introduce her properly into the
world, and ten to one but she has the means of settling well, without
farther expense to anybody. A niece of ours, Sir Thomas, I may say, or at
least of yours, would not grow up in this neighbourhood without
many advantages. I don't say she would be so handsome as her cousins. I
dare say she would not; but she would be introduced into the society of
this country under such very favourable circumstances as, in all human
probability, would get her a creditable establishment. You are thinking of
your sons—but do not you know that, of all things upon earth, that
is the least likely to happen, brought up as they would be, always
together like brothers and sisters? It is morally impossible. I never knew
an instance of it. It is, in fact, the only sure way of providing against
the connexion. Suppose her a pretty girl, and seen by Tom or Edmund for
the first time seven years hence, and I dare say there would be mischief.
The very idea of her having been suffered to grow up at a distance from us
all in poverty and neglect, would be enough to make either of the dear,
sweet-tempered boys in love with her. But breed her up with them from this
time, and suppose her even to have the beauty of an angel, and she will
never be more to either than a sister."
After sending that post, I was curious to see whether I had overlooked any other scholar who might have noted that allusion to Mansfield Park by Tolstoy ---and guess what? I found out (ironically from Google leading me to an exchange a few years back here in the archives of Nabokov-L that I was involved in, but that I had entirely forgotten!) that there WAS a scholar who saw it first, and that scholar's name was............Vladimir Nabokov!:
"In
his notes to Ada, Brian Boyd identifies a series of references to Jane Austen's
Mansfield Park (1814). Some of these references are direct (...);some
less direct(...); and some quite covert: Marina's warning to Van that "cousinage
dangereux voisinage" (232) echoes Sir Thomas Bertram's concern early
in Mansfield Park (...) Nabokov, who taught Manfield Park in his
European literature course at Cornell, clearly treats the love of Fanny Price
for her cousin Edmund as a precedent for Ada's story of a love between
cousin/siblings. But what kind of a precedent is it?"
So, now, today, putting all the pieces together, I know not only that Tolstoy alluded to the incest theme in Mansfield Park, but I also now know that Nabokov knew it, too, but chose to show that he knew it by his allusion in Ada! And as I will post within the next few weeks, I recently found ANOTHER covert allusion by Nabokov to War & Peace in ANOTHER work of fiction by Nabokov---Laughing in the Dark!
Cheers, ARNIE
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