This is probably going to look funny to those who are fluent in both Russian and English, but here is google's translation of the submitted text into English:
Found in the Internet
UFO № 86, Maria Pirogovskay
Willingly
comparing the plot formation of chess composition, Nabokov denied the
existence of encrypted chess problems in their proze2 that, of course,
does not prevent researchers discern the literary analogy of chess moves
(especially in the novels "The Luzhin Defence," "Dare," "Lolita, Pale
Fire , "" Pnin, "" The Real Life of Sebastian Knight) 3. But the real lyric, according to Nabokov, and plot, but because a relationship with a chess composition. In the article "New Poets" (1927), Nabokov wrote: "... in my opinion, the plot is as necessary a poem, like the novel. The
most beautiful lyric poems in Russian literature owes its strength and
tenderness is the fact that all of them by moving to an inevitable
harmonic climax. Verses,
in which there is no unity, the peculiar lyrical fable, and there is
only a mood - casual and short-lived, as the mood itself is "4. Perfect
example of such a movement to "harmonic climax" Nabokov considered
"correct sonnet," that is a sonnet written in iambic pentameter with the
French scheme rifmovki5.
Nabokov himself wrote 18 of these sonnets (not counting translations - from Ronsard and Shakespeare). Half
written before 1924 (1916 - "Happiness", "Do you remember how my lips
are numb ..." 1918 - "I returned to my love forgotten ..." "serene
heights and silence ..." "I love the unknown stations ..." , 1919 - "Acropolis", 1921 - "Clouds" (2), 1922 - "Sonnet"). The
remaining 9 - in 1924 ("The car in the mountains", "Death of Pushkin,"
St. Petersburg: three sonnets, "" Three sonnets of chess "," Country of
poetry "). More "correct" Nabokov did not write sonnets, apparently, finding the potential of this verse form a solid closed. However,
he did not leave the experience with other types of sonnets (eg,
inverted sonnet in The Gift ") and Onegin stanza, which elevates to
sonetu6, and went on to discuss the semantics of the sonnet in his
novels and autobiographical prose, emphasizing the" harmonic "aspect
that bring together the sonnet with the other view of creativity, requiring the same classic tuned and transparency - a chess composition.
For
the hero of "Dara", Nabokov alter ego Fyodor Godunov-Cherdyntseva
"compilation problem differs from the game about as verified sonnet
differs from the controversy publicists" (4, 351) in the preface to the
anthology "Poems and Problems" (1970) Nabokov complements the shape similar metaphor, calling the problem "poetry of chess" 7. Compose
a poem and drawing task, Godunov-Cherdyntsev sequentially through the
same phases: 1) nucleation phase of design, the initial internal
stimulus, 2) phase of understanding the problem - a poetic or chess,
which leads to the expression of ideas in the subject or in connection
therewith, 3) phase of purification and progressive realization zamysla8. This
is the same as a whole, according to Nabokov, the dynamics of creative
work being done by way of unexpected findings, a brilliant match, rhyme,
the same topic, to complete the individual works.
The
issue of creativity, understood only in this way and not otherwise, and
is the subject of the series "Three sonnets of Chess", published in
November 1924.
I
In the rook moves - iambic size,
in the ducts of the elephant - anapaest. Polutanets,
poluraschet - this is chess. From drunks
in a coffee shop noise, the smoke air ser.
They fought and Philidor Dyuser.
Now sit - brovasty evil Spaniard and
Dwarf with glasses. Lies strange gloss
in the veins of hands and eyes - like a chimera.
Next boat was iambic feet.
Then again - meditation. "Caramba,
give up now! "But lingers still dwarf.
And then pushed nail color of iodine
figure. Yes! He donates elephant
magic checkmate in four moves.
II
Movement of rhymes and dancers cruise
is a chess problem. Show:
here, seven white and black, only three
The lighting and gloomy squares.
Blackens queen among horses humpback,
and pawns in the night and dug as amber.
Decisions are waiting and servants, and the kings
in carved crowns and carved boots.
Torx trick queen.
Teasing, patterned path
misses the idea - and again the mind in darkness.
But the fairy rhymes - on a chessboard
is otbleskivaya in the lacquer,
and - easy - takes off on the toe.
III
I did not write the laws of the sonnet,
even in the poplars not slept nightingales
but, touching a pawn, a rook,
Create problem until dawn.
And concluded in the pattern of its response
our whole night, all your cries,
and the shadow of the branches, and bright jet
fluid stars, and skill of the poet.
I think my Spanish, and the dwarf
Philidor and - in order lace
miserly figures, playing under -
see everything - that pours moonlight,
I love the enthusiasm and clear
that the board has made me a sonnet (1, 629-630).
Association
works in a cycle determines the integrity of the double standard -
components of the cycle of works and the whole cycle - and activates the
perception of the parameters of the comparison works cyclic ryada9. In
this case, it contributes to the brilliant combination that leads to
the mat, the first sonnet, solving chess problems from the second and
the creation of a task from a third perceived as rhyming and
inextricably linked under a single creative process, the equivalent
stages in the process of poetry and in general with his source of inspiration.
The
last verse of the third sonnet (and the last verse of the cycle) - that
the board has made me a sonnet - equalizes the task with a solid verse
form. One
of the common signs of the problem and the literary works of Nabokov
indicates in the "other coast" - a clear logical development, combined
with an abundance of traps and "illusory solutions" (5, 320). Another
important feature - an opportunity and a sonnet, and the problem regain
ago, "Riposto" restoring and recognizing the structure. Sonnet
can be trimmed (Russian poetry knows examples of headless and half
sonnets) 10 or topple - in the "Dare" Godunov-Cherdyntsev looped plug a
novel about Chernyshevsky sliced and inverted sonnet. (Aware
of the unusual nature of this sonnet, Nabokov finds it necessary to
signal this to the reader and describes the helplessness of a layman,
faced with a departure from the usual scheme: "After about two weeks
after the release of" Life Chernyshevsky "answered the first, artless
echo. Linyov Valentin (Warsaw) wrote as follows:" A new book by Boris Cherdyntseva opens six verses, which by some reason calls sonnet (?) ... "(4, 475) 11). It
is equally important that the poetic sequence type AAb CCb dEEd dEEd
perceived as a sonnet, and the reader to see the intrigue in a certain
arrangement of pieces on the board, he could finish the task in a
specified number of moves or to restore the previous moves (especially
in the problems on retrograde analysis).
2
The
"staggered cycle" three-way logical structure consolidated and enhanced
by the fact that each sonnet contains a logical expression of two types
- primary, inline inherent in the sonnet, a priori, or secondary,
formed by the interaction of the parts at the level of the cycle. This prompted the researcher to vchityvanie in cycle dialectical sonnet struktury12. But
the logic of the cycle does not coincide with the dialectical logic of
the sonnet, part and whole are not isomorphic, but rather, it resembles
the logic of proportion, refinement and logic approach, groping and
embodiment - in short, the logic of creativity, the opposite uncreative
perception of things "in the nominative case, a total of givenness . Developing
motivation, clarifying each other's images, historical and literary
associations which cut across a chess cycle, form a dense field,
connecting part of the cycle in a dynamic sequence: the creative
impulse, harmonic repetition-echo discovered by the artist, and
independent work, emerging from the finding of the rhyme.
The
plot of the first sonnet, the most "Chess" from the cycle, is a party
with an unexpected outcome, which play out in a certain coffee shop, two
colorful players. The
Spaniard among the possible extensions of the Party does not see a
single, leading to the Shah, which allows us to play a combination of
dwarf elephant victim. Sonnet
ends with the formula "checkmate in four moves, which is used in the
composition, - thus seems to invite the reader to solve the problem of
the second sonnet. To
understand what lies behind the creative impulse in the first sonnet,
the reader to calculate the unknown - namely, to figure out who the
Spaniard and the dwarf, and that stands for comparing chess moves with
poetic dimensions.
It is likely that a Spaniard and a dwarf have real prototypes. A
few months before the publication cycle in New York, an international
chess tournament, which for months (from March 16 to April 16, 1924) was
a focus throughout the Western media - from the Reuters news agency
before the emigre publications. Reports
of the tournament were accompanied by commentaries GMs: for example,
"Berliner Zeitung" referred to the opinion Siegbert Tarrasch. In
Paris, "Days" and "Latest News" regularly went chess reviews Eugene
Znosko-Borowski, and the Berlin newspaper "Yesterday" on the wave of
interest in chess tournament opened a special department. The
main intrigue of the tournament was a fight between former world
champion Emanuel Lasker, world champion Jose Raul Capablanca, Lasker,
who lost the title in Havana three years earlier. Rivalry
Chess began in 1914 in St. Petersburg (then Lasker won) and in the same
year continued blitsmatchem in Berlin (Capablanca won). In
the New York tournament Capablanca lagged behind Lasker and a half
points and they do not have to play against each other: won Lasker and
Capablanca won second place.
Both GM had already established characters in the chess media. Lasker, though he was only 55 years, the press called "the great old man." The
essays about him constantly referred to his scientific status - doctor,
professor of mathematics and psychology - as well as its small stature,
stained mustache (Lasker never parted with a cigar, and during the game
sitting in a cloud of tobacco smoke), restraint and inner significance
of behavior. Lasker,
regarded as the founder of "psychological" school games: it "approach
to chess in the light of psychological features of an opponent is often
expressed in the maneuvers, seem logical, in the weakening of that
Lasker would tolerate in their position," letting the party straight to
the abyss "(Richard Reti), but while
denying opponents opportunities to appraise the position of the
standard, forcing them to make mistakes and ultimately lose ... 13. Choosing
options that, according to his feeling, not like a rival, though not
formally bear a direct threat, and even led to the loss of his own
figures, Lasker led "game with the enemy" and not "on board".
His rival - forty Cuban Jose Raul Capablanca - was considered a brilliant player, but a selfish, arrogant and rude. He was in the diplomatic service, the reputation of the "Latin lover", willingly led a secular life. It
was believed that he was never prepared for tournaments, however,
thanks to his gift, almost always wins if the opponent does not have
enough endurance and patience to resist its rapid atakam14.
Given
these facts, the description of the players from the first sonnet is
easy to see the projection of Lasker and Capablanca, Nabokov may well
have to rely on recognition of prototypes, especially because their
names were on the hearing. But it is described in the first sonnet is a real party? Viewing parties held Lasker and Capablanca did not find any in any way like a lot of poems Nabokov. In
addition, the Spaniard calls the enemy to surrender, which gives it not
a professional and amateur, and the party turns into a soldier - but
from no less dramatic - fight in a noisy kofeyne15. Rather, the party of the first sonnet entirely fictitious. She
plays the eternal confrontation, a struggle between two chess
temperaments: the quiet, prone to subtle cumulative moves and complex
traps, and rapid acting quickly and decisively (or, if you use the
terminology of Nabokov Luzhin, "quiet" and "strong").
Even
more puzzling origin of chess moves compare with the poetic dimensions:
whether pentameter and anapaest - a metaphor of direct (vertical and
horizontal) and indirect (diagonal) moves the chess pieces, or an
indication of how many cells have moved a rook and a bishop. To answer this question we have to turn to the third sonnet cycle.
3
The
third sonnet, which refers to independent creativity, disguised love
with the same vocabulary of images and motifs that Nabokov used in poems
1923-1924 years on Vera Slonim, and thematically similar fragments of a
"gift":
our whole night, all your cries,
and the shadow of the branches, and bright jet
fluid stars, and skill of the poet.
Wed in the poem "Meeting" (1923) - with the coincidence even rifmennoy pair:
... And the night flowed and floated silently
her satin jet -
that black wolf masks Profile
and your sweet lips ... (1, 611).
In the poem "I remember in a plush frame ..." (1923):
... I was waiting, where he turned the corner,
Transverse amber with a groan
flowed into the raw mirrors ... 16
Similarly fingering Godunov-Cherdyntsev trying to write a poem to Zina Mertz: "What is your name? You're semi-Mnemosyne, polumertsane in your name - and strange to me at dusk in Berlin with poluvidenem wander alone. But
a bench under a lime tree lit ... You come alive in a fit of tears: I
see the eye, this lives dazed and pale shining hair ... Night our poor
possessions - a fence, a lamp, an asphalt surface - put the aces in the
imagination to a world at night play! .. About
swear that before the end of the road you will only fiction is true ...
Our time has come ... Night Light summer "(4, 337-338). (By
the way, in verse Godunov-Cherdyntseva also arises game motif, but not
chess and card, which reinforces the motif of fate in the novel.)
The
apparent similarity of images, as well as a number of biographical
circumstances (a coincidence, more or less regular classes Nabokov's
chess composition with the start of an affair with Vera Slonim, the
ability to play Vera shahmaty17) have led to what the research
literature in the third sonnet is interpreted solely in the romantic
klyuche18. In
particular, in the first katrene a perceived allusion to the fourth
chapter XXVI verse "Eugene Onegin" (Lenski and foot boat / takes in its
scattering), which is interpreted as a means of assimilation Nabokov
lyric hero "romantic lover" Lenskomu19.
This
interpretation, based on the analysis of the isolated parts of the
cycle, it is completely wrong, because it does not take into account the
functional role of the third sonnet in the cycle - the final stage of
purification scheme. The
lyrical hero Nabokov ironically refuses to "legitimate", that is
beaten, the answer to the romantic moves of the night and commit (like
gnome from the first sonnet, and the originator of the second task) an
unexpected turn. Although
it provokes at writing love poems, he is completing his chess problem,
beautiful as a sonnet, in which everything is subordinated to the
movement of his zamysla20: even "the cries of your" translated into the
language of chess turned into exclamation points, which in chess decided
to celebrate the strong moves (Nabokov uses a similar method in the "Defence Luzhin (2, 421)). But
this move - a surprise at first glance: the problem was conceived long
ago, while observing the play of the Spaniard, and a dwarf, which has
developed a magical combination that goes back perhaps to the classical
positions Filidora21. Therefore,
the Philidor and the players of the first sonnet should see traces of
this combination in the problem (although the Spaniard and the dwarf
does not necessarily know who its real author - just as Ostap Bender in
"The Twelve Chairs" is unaware that the game 18 Spanish debuts and 12 defenses Filidor). In
the second sonnet chess vision matured during the decision strange
problem, something (possibly compound so), recalled, or continue the
party at a coffee shop, and, finally, in the third sonnet, he has found
his form:
I think my Spanish, and the dwarf
Philidor and - in order lace
miserly figures, playing under -
see everything - that pours moonlight,
I love the enthusiasm and clear
that the board has made me a sonnet.
Incidentally,
Nabokov connect the two themes of love and chess is indeed a poetic
antecedent, the time is much closer than Pushkin games played in the
summer of 1820 goda22. This is a poem by Boris Pasternak "Marburg" (1916), included in the collection "Above the Barriers" (1917). Story "Marburg" begins a love failure, and ends with a night game of chess. An important role in the "Marburg" is the motif of sleeplessness, of which love turns into a poetic:
"Step inside, and once again," - repeated to me instinct
And lead me wisely, as the old scholar,
Through confused, ancient, crude maze
Heated trees, lilacs and passion. <...>
Why should I be afraid? I firmly grammar
Insomnia know. And I do not wander
At a bare slab barefooted sleepwalker
Amid the limes and birches of ivory.
After all night to play chess sit
With me on the moon, the parquet floor.
Acacia smells, and the windows wide open,
And passion, as a witness, sedeet in the corner.
And poplar - the king. Queen - insomnia.
And the queen - a nightingale. I am drawn to the nightingale.
And the night wins, figures aside,
I'm white morning face uznayu23.
On Fri, Aug 13, 2010 at 9:46 PM, Don Johnson
<chtodel@cox.net> wrote:
| abba
abba ccd ede: Об одной партии Владимира Набокова |
<< >> |
|
| Опубликовано
22/04/09 в 10:17:59 GMT+02:00 EuRuChess |
| |
 
НЛО
№86, Мария Пироговская |
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Norky